兩癌篩查系統(tǒng)作為公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系的重要組成部分，其歷史信息保留時(shí)長(zhǎng)需兼顧醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)可追溯性、患者隱私保護(hù)及存儲(chǔ)資源優(yōu)化等多重需求。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)尚未出臺(tái)針對(duì)兩癌篩查數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)一保留期限標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但可依據(jù)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生行業(yè)通用規(guī)范及地方實(shí)踐進(jìn)行綜合判斷。

　　As an important component of the public health service system, the two cancer screening systems need to consider multiple requirements such as medical data traceability, patient privacy protection, and storage resource optimization for the duration of historical information retention. At present, China has not yet established a unified retention period standard for two cancer screening data, but comprehensive judgments can be made based on the general norms of the medical and health industry and local practices.

　　政策法規(guī)框架是數(shù)據(jù)保留的核心依據(jù)。根據(jù)《醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)管理?xiàng)l例》及《電子病歷應(yīng)用管理規(guī)范（試行）》，醫(yī)療健康數(shù)據(jù)的保存年限不得低于15年，對(duì)于涉及公共衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)的篩查數(shù)據(jù)，部分地區(qū)要求延長(zhǎng)至30年。例如，山東省衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的《婦女兩癌檢查項(xiàng)目實(shí)施方案》明確規(guī)定，篩查結(jié)果需與居民健康檔案系統(tǒng)對(duì)接，實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期動(dòng)態(tài)管理。

　　The policy and regulatory framework is the core basis for data retention. According to the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and the Management Standards for Electronic Medical Record Applications (Trial), the retention period of medical and health data shall not be less than 15 years. For screening data related to public health monitoring, some regions require an extension to 30 years. For example, the Implementation Plan for Women's Two Cancer Screening Projects issued by the Shandong Provincial Health Commission clearly stipulates that screening results need to be integrated with the resident health record system to achieve long-term dynamic management.

　　技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式影響數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)周期。采用關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理的篩查系統(tǒng)，歷史數(shù)據(jù)通常通過(guò)分區(qū)存儲(chǔ)或歸檔機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)分級(jí)管理。以宮頸癌篩查為例，HPV檢測(cè)結(jié)果、細(xì)胞學(xué)涂片影像等結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)可壓縮存儲(chǔ)，非活躍數(shù)據(jù)遷移至低成本存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)，但邏輯上仍保持可訪問(wèn)狀態(tài)。部分區(qū)域平臺(tái)采用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，確保篩查記錄不可篡改且可追溯，理論上可實(shí)現(xiàn)永久保存。

　　The implementation of technology affects the data storage cycle. The screening system using relational database management typically achieves hierarchical management of historical data through partition storage or archiving mechanisms. Taking cervical cancer screening as an example, structured data such as HPV test results and cytology smear images can be compressed and stored, while inactive data can be migrated to low-cost storage media, but logically remain accessible. Some regional platforms adopt blockchain technology to ensure that screening records are tamper proof and traceable, theoretically achieving permanent preservation.

　　隱私保護(hù)與倫理要求是數(shù)據(jù)保留的約束條件。依據(jù)《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》，篩查數(shù)據(jù)在達(dá)到保留期限后需進(jìn)行匿名化處理或徹底銷毀。實(shí)際操作中，系統(tǒng)會(huì)通過(guò)脫敏技術(shù)去除姓名、身份證號(hào)等直接標(biāo)識(shí)符，僅保留年齡、篩查結(jié)果等必要信息用于統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。對(duì)于HIV陽(yáng)性等敏感關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)，部分地區(qū)實(shí)行專項(xiàng)加密管理，訪問(wèn)權(quán)限嚴(yán)格限定于授權(quán)醫(yī)務(wù)人員。

　　Privacy protection and ethical requirements are constraints on data retention. According to the Personal Information Protection Law, screening data must be anonymized or completely destroyed after reaching the retention period. In actual operation, the system will remove direct identifiers such as name and ID number through desensitization technology, and only retain necessary information such as age and screening results for statistical analysis. For sensitive associated data such as HIV positivity, some regions implement special encryption management, and access permissions are strictly limited to authorized medical personnel.

　　區(qū)域?qū)嵺`差異體現(xiàn)管理精細(xì)化趨勢(shì)。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)如長(zhǎng)三角、珠三角，依托政務(wù)云平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)篩查數(shù)據(jù)集中存儲(chǔ)，保留周期普遍設(shè)定為20-25年，以支撐長(zhǎng)期流行病學(xué)研究。而中西部地區(qū)受限于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，多采用分級(jí)存儲(chǔ)策略，活躍數(shù)據(jù)保留5年，歷史數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)移至光盤(pán)庫(kù)或磁帶庫(kù)，保留期限不低于15年。

　　Regional practice differences reflect the trend of refined management. Economically developed regions such as the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta rely on government cloud platforms to achieve centralized storage of screening data, with a retention period generally set at 20-25 years to support long-term epidemiological research. However, the central and western regions are limited by infrastructure and often adopt a tiered storage strategy. Active data is retained for 5 years, while historical data is transferred to CD or tape libraries with a retention period of no less than 15 years.

　　系統(tǒng)升級(jí)與數(shù)據(jù)遷移是延長(zhǎng)保留周期的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)。隨著篩查技術(shù)迭代，如從巴氏涂片轉(zhuǎn)向HPV基因分型檢測(cè)，舊系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)需與新平臺(tái)兼容。部分省級(jí)平臺(tái)采用HL7 FHIR標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建互操作接口，確保歷史數(shù)據(jù)在系統(tǒng)升級(jí)后仍可查詢。

　　System upgrades and data migration are key challenges in extending retention periods. With the iteration of screening technology, such as shifting from Pap smear to HPV genotyping testing, the old system data needs to be compatible with the new platform. Some provincial platforms adopt the HL7 FHIR standard to build interoperability interfaces, ensuring that historical data can still be queried after system upgrades.

　　兩癌篩查系統(tǒng)歷史信息的保留時(shí)長(zhǎng)需在法律合規(guī)、技術(shù)可行與倫理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)間尋求平衡。當(dāng)前實(shí)踐以15-30年為主流，未來(lái)隨著數(shù)據(jù)生命周期管理技術(shù)的成熟，保留策略將向動(dòng)態(tài)化、智能化方向發(fā)展，在保障公共衛(wèi)生研究需求的同時(shí)，最大限度降低個(gè)人隱私泄露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　The retention period of historical information in two cancer screening systems needs to seek a balance between legal compliance, technical feasibility, and ethical risks. The current practice is dominated by 15-30 years. In the future, with the maturity of data lifecycle management technology, retention strategies will develop towards dynamic and intelligent directions, while ensuring the needs of public health research and minimizing the risk of personal privacy leakage.

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